How to Import Goods into the US

Importing goods into the United States involves federal regulations, duties, and documentation that can feel overwhelming—especially for first-time importers. This guide walks through the process from start to finish, so you know exactly what to expect at each stage.

Step 1: Obtain an Importer Number

To import commercially into the US, you need an Importer of Record (IOR) number. For most businesses, this is your IRS Employer Identification Number (EIN). Foreign entities can also import—your customs broker can add your foreign entity directly into the CBP system. You do not need a US-based company to import.

Step 2: Hire a Licensed Customs Broker

While not legally required, a licensed customs broker handles the complex regulatory filings that ensure your goods clear CBP legally. Your broker will need a signed Power of Attorney (POA) to act on your behalf. This can be completed in minutes through an online portal.

Step 3: Get a Customs Bond

A customs bond is required for any commercial import valued at $2,500 or more, or for any goods subject to federal agency regulations (FDA, USDA, etc.) regardless of value. You can get a single entry bond (one-time) or a continuous bond (annual, covers all entries). Your broker arranges this for you.

Step 4: Prepare Your Documents

Your broker needs these documents to file your customs entry:

• Commercial Invoice — From your supplier, showing goods, quantities, values, and country of origin
• Packing List — Container/carton-level breakdown of the shipment
• Bill of Lading or Air Waybill — Transportation document from the carrier
• Arrival Notice — From the carrier, showing arrival date and charges
• Permits/Certificates — Any required by the product (USDA, FDA, TTB, etc.)

Step 5: ISF Filing (Ocean Shipments)

For ocean freight, an Importer Security Filing (ISF or "10+2") must be filed at least 24 hours before the cargo is loaded onto the vessel. Late filing can result in a $5,000 penalty per violation. Your broker handles this as soon as they receive your documents.

Step 6: Entry Filing & Duty Payment

Your broker classifies each product with an HTS code, calculates applicable duties and fees, and files the entry electronically. CBP processes the entry and either releases the cargo or selects it for examination. Duties are paid through the broker's ACH statement.

Step 7: Cargo Release & Delivery

Once CBP releases the cargo, it can be picked up from the port terminal or delivered to your warehouse. For ocean freight, good brokers file entries days before arrival so cargo is released immediately on discharge—minimizing demurrage charges.